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class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Chapter 6: Functions</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-05-14T06:25:20.000Z" title="发表于 2022-05-14 14:25:20">2022-05-14</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-05-14T06:55:31.997Z" title="更新于 2022-05-14 14:55:31">2022-05-14</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/blog/categories/C/">C++</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-commentcount"><i class="far fa-comments fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">评论数:</span><a href="/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-6-Functions/#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/blog/2022/05/14/Chapter-6-Functions/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><p>﻿# Exercises Section 6.1</p>
<h2 id="Ex6-1"><a href="#Ex6-1" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.1"></a>Ex6.1</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1.</span> 参数是用来传递的，变量是通过定义得到的</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2.</span> 在调用过程中，有时候需要输入参数，此时参数会有值，可以直接传入；变量只有在赋值后才能使用</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-2"><a href="#Ex6-2" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.2"></a>Ex6.2</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origin code   返回类型不匹配</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123; </span><br><span class="line">	string s;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> s;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// correct</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">string <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	string s;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> s;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">b)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origin code   函数没有返回类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">f2</span>() (<span class="type">int</span> i) &#123; <span class="comment">/* ... */</span> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// correct </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">f2</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> i)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="comment">/* ... */</span> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">c)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origion code   函数参数名字不能一样</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> v1, <span class="type">int</span> v1)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="comment">/* ... */</span> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// correct </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> v1, <span class="type">int</span> v2)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="comment">/* ... */</span> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">d)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origin code  缺少花括号</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">square</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">double</span> x)</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> x * x</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// correct </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">square</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">double</span> x)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> x * x; &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-3-6-4"><a href="#Ex6-3-6-4" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.3 6.4"></a>Ex6.3 6.4</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">fact</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> val)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> ret = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (val &gt; <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ret *= val;</span><br><span class="line">        --val;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> value = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> result = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Please enter a value: &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cin &gt;&gt; value;</span><br><span class="line">    result = <span class="built_in">fact</span>(value);</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;The result is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-5"><a href="#Ex6-5" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.5"></a>Ex6.5</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">unsigned</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">v_abs</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> value)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (value &gt;= <span class="number">0</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> value;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> -value;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-1-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.1.1"></a>Exercises Section 6.1.1</h1><h2 id="Ex6-6"><a href="#Ex6-6" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.6"></a>Ex6.6</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">parameter: 函数的参数</span><br><span class="line">local variable: 函数内部的局部变量，当函数结束时失效</span><br><span class="line">local <span class="type">static</span> variable: 当程序终止时才会失效</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-7"><a href="#Ex6-7" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.7"></a>Ex6.7</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> times = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">call_times</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> times++;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-1-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.1.2"></a>Exercises Section 6.1.2</h1><h2 id="Ex6-8"><a href="#Ex6-8" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.8"></a>Ex6.8</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 文件名 Chapter6.h</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">fact</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> val)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">unsigned</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">v_ans</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> value)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-1-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.1.3"></a>Exercises Section 6.1.3</h1><h2 id="Ex6-9"><a href="#Ex6-9" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.9"></a>Ex6.9</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 文件名 fact.cc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;Chapter6.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">fact</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> val)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> ret = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (val &gt; <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ret *= val;</span><br><span class="line">        --val;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 文件名 factMain.cc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&quot;Chapter6.h&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> value = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> result = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Please enter a value: &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    std::cin &gt;&gt; value;</span><br><span class="line">    result = <span class="built_in">fact</span>(value);</span><br><span class="line">    std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;The result is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Setion-6-2-1"><a href="#Exercises-Setion-6-2-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Setion 6.2.1"></a>Exercises Setion 6.2.1</h1><h2 id="Ex6-10"><a href="#Ex6-10" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.10"></a>Ex6.10</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">swap_int</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> *a, <span class="type">int</span> *b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> temp = *a;</span><br><span class="line">    *a = *b;</span><br><span class="line">    *b = temp;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> value1 = <span class="number">1</span>, value2 = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> *a = &amp;value1;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> *b = &amp;value2;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">swap_int</span>(a, b);</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; value1 &lt;&lt;<span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; value2 &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-2-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.2.2"></a>Exercises Section 6.2.2</h1><h2 id="Ex6-11"><a href="#Ex6-11" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.11"></a>Ex6.11</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">reset</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> &amp;i)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	i = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-12"><a href="#Ex6-12" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.12"></a>Ex6.12</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">swap_int</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> &amp;a, <span class="type">int</span> &amp;b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> temp = a;</span><br><span class="line">    a = b;</span><br><span class="line">    b = temp;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> value1 = <span class="number">1</span>, value2 = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">swap_int</span>(value1, value2);</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; value1 &lt;&lt;<span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; value2 &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-13"><a href="#Ex6-13" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.13"></a>Ex6.13</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(T)</span>: 函数 f 有一个类型 T 的参数，返回值类型为 void</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">void f(T&amp;): 函数有一个类型 T&amp; 的参数，返回值类型为 void</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-15"><a href="#Ex6-15" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.15"></a>Ex6.15</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">参数s: 字符串s不需要修改值，故而为 <span class="type">const</span></span><br><span class="line">参数occurs: 需要修改值，故而不为 <span class="type">const</span></span><br><span class="line">使用引用避免产生副本；由于参数 c 的类型很小，所以不使用引用也可</span><br><span class="line">参数s设置为 plain reference 也可以；occurs 设置为 <span class="type">const</span> 则会发生错误</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-2-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.2.3"></a>Exercises Section 6.2.3</h1><h2 id="Ex6-16"><a href="#Ex6-16" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.16"></a>Ex6.16</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origion code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">is_empty</span><span class="params">(string &amp;s)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> s.<span class="built_in">empty</span>(); &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// correct</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">is_empty</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> string &amp;s)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> s.<span class="built_in">empty</span>(); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-17"><a href="#Ex6-17" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.17"></a>Ex6.17</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 判断是否有大写字母存在</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">contains_capital_letters</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> string &amp;s)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">char</span> c : s)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">isupper</span>(c))</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 将字符串中所有字符改成小写字母</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">to_lowercase</span><span class="params">(string &amp;s)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">char</span> &amp;c : s)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        c = <span class="built_in">tolower</span>(c);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-18"><a href="#Ex6-18" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.18"></a>Ex6.18</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a) <span class="function"><span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(matrix &amp;, maxtrix &amp;)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">b) vector&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt;::<span class="function">iterator <span class="title">change_val</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>, vector&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt;::iterator)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-19"><a href="#Ex6-19" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.19"></a>Ex6.19</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">double</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">count</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> string &amp;, <span class="type">char</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">sum</span><span class="params">(vector&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt;::iterator, vector&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt;::iterator, <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">vector&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt; <span class="title">vec</span><span class="params">(<span class="number">10</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a) <span class="built_in">calc</span>(<span class="number">23.4</span>, <span class="number">55.1</span>);	<span class="comment">// 非法，参数数量过多</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="built_in">count</span>(<span class="string">&quot;abcda&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>);	<span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br><span class="line">c) <span class="built_in">calc</span>(<span class="number">66</span>);	<span class="comment">// 合法，会进行隐式转换</span></span><br><span class="line">d) <span class="built_in">sum</span>(vec.<span class="built_in">begin</span>(), vec.<span class="built_in">end</span>(), <span class="number">3.8</span>);	<span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-20"><a href="#Ex6-20" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.20"></a>Ex6.20</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当引用参数不需要被修改时可以使用 <span class="type">const</span>;</span><br><span class="line">能编译通过，只不过参数值可能被修改</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-2-4"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-4" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.2.4"></a>Exercises Section 6.2.4</h1><h2 id="Ex6-21"><a href="#Ex6-21" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.21"></a>Ex6.21</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">larger</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> v, <span class="type">int</span> *p)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (v &gt; (*p))</span><br><span class="line">    	<span class="keyword">return</span> v;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> </span><br><span class="line">    	<span class="built_in">return</span> (*p);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-22"><a href="#Ex6-22" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.22"></a>Ex6.22</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">swap</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> *a, <span class="type">int</span> *b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> temp = *a;</span><br><span class="line">    *a = *b;</span><br><span class="line">    *b = temp;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-23"><a href="#Ex6-23" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.23"></a>Ex6.23</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> value)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	cout &lt;&lt; value &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> (&amp;arr)[])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">auto</span> elem : arr)</span><br><span class="line">    	cout &lt;&lt; elem &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-24"><a href="#Ex6-24" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.24"></a>Ex6.24</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origin code   输出数组中每个元素的值，数组下标为 int 类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">int</span> ia[<span class="number">10</span>])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">size_t</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i != <span class="number">10</span>; ++i)</span><br><span class="line">    	cout &lt;&lt; ia[i] &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-2-5"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-5" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.2.5"></a>Exercises Section 6.2.5</h1><h2 id="Ex6-25"><a href="#Ex6-25" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.25"></a>Ex6.25</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> argc, <span class="type">char</span> *argv[])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    string result;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i != argc; ++i)</span><br><span class="line">        result += argv[i];</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-26"><a href="#Ex6-26" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.26"></a>Ex6.26</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> argc, <span class="type">char</span> *argv[])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> i = <span class="number">1</span>; i != argc; ++i)</span><br><span class="line">        cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;Argument &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; argv[i] &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-2-6"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-6" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.2.6"></a>Exercises Section 6.2.6</h1><h2 id="Ex6-27"><a href="#Ex6-27" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.27"></a>Ex6.27</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    initializer_list&lt;<span class="type">int</span>&gt; list = &#123;<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">8</span>, <span class="number">9</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">auto</span> it = list.<span class="built_in">begin</span>(); it != list.<span class="built_in">end</span>(); ++it)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sum += *it;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">system</span>(<span class="string">&quot;pause&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-28"><a href="#Ex6-28" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.28"></a>Ex6.28</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">const</span> string &amp;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-29"><a href="#Ex6-29" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.29"></a>Ex6.29</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">使用引用能够减小开销</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-3-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-3-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.3.2"></a>Exercises Section 6.3.2</h1><h2 id="Ex6-31"><a href="#Ex6-31" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.31"></a>Ex6.31</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当返回的不是函数体内创建的引用时，返回引用有效；</span><br><span class="line">当返回的是函数体外或者传入的 <span class="type">const</span> 引用时，返回 <span class="type">const</span> 引用有效</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-32"><a href="#Ex6-32" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.32"></a>Ex6.32</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// origin code  合法；给数组ia中的元素赋值其下标值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> &amp;<span class="title">get</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> *arry, <span class="type">int</span> index)</span> </span>&#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> arry[index]; &#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="type">int</span> ia[<span class="number">10</span>];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i != <span class="number">10</span>; ++i)</span><br><span class="line">    	<span class="built_in">get</span>(ia, i) = i;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-33"><a href="#Ex6-33" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.33"></a>Ex6.33</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">print_vector</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> vector&lt;size_type&gt; &amp;v, <span class="type">unsigned</span> size)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (size &gt;= v.<span class="built_in">size</span>())</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cout &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; v[size] &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">print_vector</span>(v, size + <span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-34"><a href="#Ex6-34" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.34"></a>Ex6.34</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">最终结果为<span class="number">0</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-35"><a href="#Ex6-35" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.35"></a>Ex6.35</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">如果使用<span class="built_in">factorial</span>(val--)，那么首先会进行<span class="built_in">factorial</span>(val)，然后再将val减<span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-3-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-3-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.3.3"></a>Exercises Section 6.3.3</h1><h2 id="Ex6-36"><a href="#Ex6-36" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.36"></a>Ex6.36</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span>(&amp;<span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="built_in">string</span>(&amp;arrStr)[<span class="number">10</span>]))[<span class="number">10</span>];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-37"><a href="#Ex6-37" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.37"></a>Ex6.37</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 尾置返回类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(string(&amp;arrStr)[<span class="number">10</span>])</span>) -&gt; <span class="title">string</span><span class="params">(&amp;)</span>[10]</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 类型别名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> str string[<span class="number">10</span>];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">str</span> (&amp;<span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="built_in">str</span>(&amp;arrStr)));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// decltype</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">decltype</span>(arrStr) &amp;<span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="built_in">string</span> (&amp;arrStr)[<span class="number">10</span>]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-38"><a href="#Ex6-38" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.38"></a>Ex6.38</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> odd[] = &#123;<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">9</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> even[] = &#123;<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">8</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">decltype</span>(odd) &amp;<span class="built_in">arrPtr</span>(<span class="type">int</span> i);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-4"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-4" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.4"></a>Exercises Section 6.4</h1><h2 id="Ex6-39"><a href="#Ex6-39" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.39"></a>Ex6.39</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a) <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> , <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;		<span class="comment">// 两个int类型参数，返回类型为int</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 两个 const int 类型参数，返回类型为 int</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">get</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 无参，返回类型为 int</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="title">get</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 非法，无参函数不能同名</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">c) <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> *<span class="title">reset</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> *)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 一个int*类型参数，返回类型为 int*</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="type">double</span> *<span class="title">reset</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">double</span> *)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 一个double*类型参数，返回类型为 double*</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-5-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.5.1"></a>Exercises Section 6.5.1</h1><h2 id="Ex6-40"><a href="#Ex6-40" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.40"></a>Ex6.40</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a) <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">ff</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b = <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="type">int</span> c = <span class="number">0</span>)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 合法</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="function"><span class="type">char</span> *<span class="title">init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> ht = <span class="number">24</span>, <span class="type">int</span> wd, <span class="type">char</span> bckgrnd)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 非法；一旦某个形参被赋值，那么它后面的形参都必须赋值</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-41"><a href="#Ex6-41" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.41"></a>Ex6.41</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">char</span> *<span class="title">init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> ht, <span class="type">int</span> wd = <span class="number">80</span>, <span class="type">char</span> bckgrnd = <span class="string">&#x27; &#x27;</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">a) <span class="built_in">init</span>();	<span class="comment">// 非法；ht没有默认值</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="built_in">init</span>(<span class="number">24</span>, <span class="number">10</span>);	<span class="comment">// 合法；等价于init(24, 10, &#x27; &#x27;);</span></span><br><span class="line">c) <span class="built_in">intit</span>(<span class="number">14</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;*&#x27;</span>);	<span class="comment">// 非法；只能够省略尾部参数</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-42"><a href="#Ex6-42" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.42"></a>Ex6.42</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> std;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">string <span class="title">make_plural</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">size_t</span> ctr, <span class="type">const</span> string &amp;word, <span class="type">const</span> string &amp;ending=<span class="string">&quot;s&quot;</span>)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (ctr &gt; <span class="number">1</span>) ? word + ending : word; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;singular:&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">make_plural</span>(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="string">&quot;success&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;es&quot;</span>) &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">make_plural</span>(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="string">&quot;failure&quot;</span>) &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">    cout &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot;plural:&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">make_plural</span>(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="string">&quot;success&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;es&quot;</span>) &lt;&lt; <span class="string">&quot; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">make_plural</span>(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="string">&quot;failure&quot;</span>) &lt;&lt; endl;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-5-2"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-2" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.5.2"></a>Exercises Section 6.5.2</h1><h2 id="Ex6-43"><a href="#Ex6-43" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.43"></a>Ex6.43</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a) <span class="function"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">eq</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> BigInt&amp;, <span class="type">const</span> BigInt&amp;)</span> </span>&#123; ... &#125;	<span class="comment">// 头文件；因为被inline修饰的函数在程序中可能出现多次，并且需要精确匹配</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">putValues</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> *arr, in size)</span></span>;	<span class="comment">// 可以在源文件也可以在头文件</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-44"><a href="#Ex6-44" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.44"></a>Ex6.44</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">isShorter</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> string &amp;s1, <span class="type">const</span> string  &amp;s2)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> s1.<span class="built_in">size</span>() &lt; s2.<span class="built_in">size</span>();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-46"><a href="#Ex6-46" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.46"></a>Ex6.46</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可以 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="type">bool</span> <span class="title">isShorter</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> string &amp;s1, <span class="type">const</span> string  &amp;s2)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> s1.<span class="built_in">size</span>() &lt; s2.<span class="built_in">size</span>();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-5-3"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-3" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.5.3"></a>Exercises Section 6.5.3</h1><h2 id="Ex6-48"><a href="#Ex6-48" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.48"></a>Ex6.48</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">string s;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> (cin &gt;&gt; s &amp;&amp; s != sought) &#123; &#125;	<span class="comment">// empty body</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">assert</span>(cin);	<span class="comment">// 用户只要输入内容，则该语句永远为真</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 修改如下</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">assert</span>(s == sought);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-6"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-6" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.6"></a>Exercises Section 6.6</h1><h2 id="Ex6-49"><a href="#Ex6-49" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.49"></a>Ex6.49</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">candidate function: 与被调用的函数同名的函数并且在调用时已经声明</span><br><span class="line">viable function: 与被调用函数不仅同名，而且参数个数要相等，参数类型相等或者能够转换</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-50"><a href="#Ex6-50" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.50"></a>Ex6.50</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>, <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">double</span>, <span class="type">double</span> = <span class="number">3.14</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a) <span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="number">2.56</span>, <span class="number">42</span>);		<span class="comment">// illegal；the call is ambiguous</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="number">42</span>);		<span class="comment">// f(int)</span></span><br><span class="line">c) <span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="number">42</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);	<span class="comment">// f(int, int)</span></span><br><span class="line">d) <span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="number">2.56</span>, <span class="number">3.15</span>);	<span class="comment">// f(double, double)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-6-1"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-6-1" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.6.1"></a>Exercises Section 6.6.1</h1><h2 id="Ex6-52"><a href="#Ex6-52" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.52"></a>Ex6.52</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title">manip</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>, <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">double</span> dobj;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a) <span class="built_in">manip</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;z&#x27;</span>);	<span class="comment">// rank 3</span></span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="built_in">manip</span>(<span class="number">55.4</span>, dobj);	<span class="comment">// rank 4</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-53"><a href="#Ex6-53" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.53"></a>Ex6.53</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a) <span class="comment">// 如果调用函数时，实参有常量引用类型，则调用第二条语句</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>&amp;, <span class="type">int</span>&amp;)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">int</span>&amp;, cosnt <span class="type">int</span>&amp;)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">b) <span class="comment">// 如果调用函数时，实参指针指向的变量为常量，则调用第二条语句</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">char</span>*, <span class="type">char</span>*)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span>*, <span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">char</span>*)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">c) <span class="comment">//	指针的顶层const不算重载，重复定义（非法） </span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">calc</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">char</span>*, <span class="type">char</span>*)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">clac</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">char</span>* <span class="type">const</span>, <span class="type">char</span>* <span class="type">const</span>)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Exercises-Section-6-7"><a href="#Exercises-Section-6-7" class="headerlink" title="Exercises Section 6.7"></a>Exercises Section 6.7</h1><h2 id="Ex6-54"><a href="#Ex6-54" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.54"></a>Ex6.54</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">f</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>, <span class="type">int</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> pf = <span class="keyword">decltype</span>(f) *;</span><br><span class="line">vector&lt;pf&gt; v;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-55"><a href="#Ex6-55" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.55"></a>Ex6.55</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 加法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">add</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> a + b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 减法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">subtract</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> a - b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 乘法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">multiply</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> a * b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 除法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title">divide</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> a, <span class="type">int</span> b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> b != <span class="number">0</span> ? a / b : <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="Ex6-56"><a href="#Ex6-56" class="headerlink" title="Ex6.56"></a>Ex6.56</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">std::vector&lt;<span class="keyword">decltype</span>(func) *&gt; vec&#123;add, subtract, multiply, divide&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">auto</span> f : vec) </span><br><span class="line">	std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="built_in">f</span>(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>) &lt;&lt; std::endl;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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href="#Ex6-5"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.5</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-1"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.1.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-6"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.6</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-7"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.7</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-2"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.1.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-8"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.8</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-1-3"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.1.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-9"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.9</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Setion-6-2-1"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Setion 6.2.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-10"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.10</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-2"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.2.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-11"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.11</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-12"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.12</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-13"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.13</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-15"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.15</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-3"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.2.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-16"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.16</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-17"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.17</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-18"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.18</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-19"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.19</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-20"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.20</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-4"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.2.4</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-21"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.21</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-22"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.22</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-23"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.23</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-24"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.24</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-5"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.2.5</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-25"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.25</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-26"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.26</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-2-6"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.2.6</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-27"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.27</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-28"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.28</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-29"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.29</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-3-2"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.3.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-31"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.31</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-32"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.32</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-33"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.33</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-34"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.34</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-35"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.35</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-3-3"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.3.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-36"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.36</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-37"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.37</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-38"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.38</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-4"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.4</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-39"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.39</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-1"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.5.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-40"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.40</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-41"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.41</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-42"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.42</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-2"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.5.2</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-43"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.43</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-44"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.44</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-46"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.46</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-5-3"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.5.3</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-48"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.48</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-6"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.6</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-49"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.49</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-50"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.50</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-6-1"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.6.1</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-52"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.52</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-53"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.53</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Exercises-Section-6-7"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">Exercises Section 6.7</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-54"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.54</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-55"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.55</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Ex6-56"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Ex6.56</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" 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